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What is hantavirus?
Hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses spread by rodents — typically deer mice, cotton rats, white-footed mice. Humans get infected by inhaling aerosolized particles from infected rodent droppings, urine, or saliva.
The current outbreak: Andes strain, endemic to Argentina and Chile. Andes is the only hantavirus with documented human-to-human transmission, requiring close prolonged contact.
WHO →CDC →Symptoms
Early symptoms appear 1-6 weeks post-exposure, mimic flu:
- High fever (102°F+), severe muscle aches (thighs/hips/back/shoulders)
- Fatigue, headache, dizziness, chills
- Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
4-10 days later: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome — coughing, shortness of breath, respiratory failure — can be fatal within hours. Seek emergency care immediately for breathing difficulty.
Transmission
Primary: Inhaling aerosolized rodent droppings — cleaning infested areas, disturbing nests.
Person-to-person: Andes only, requires close prolonged contact (household member, intimate partner during illness). Does not spread like COVID or flu. Brief public encounters: extremely low risk.
Protection
- Seal all rodent entry points in your home
- Use snap traps, not glue or live traps
- Wet droppings with bleach before cleaning — never sweep or vacuum dry
- Wear N95 + gloves when cleaning potentially contaminated areas
- Air out enclosed spaces before entering
- If recently traveled or cruised: monitor temperature for 6 weeks
Treatment
No approved antivirals or vaccines exist. Treatment: early hospitalization, oxygen support, intensive care.
ECMO (heart-lung bypass machine) is most effective for severe HPS. Early intervention is critical — survival rates drop dramatically once respiratory failure begins.
If you suspect exposure + symptoms: go to ER immediately and tell them about hantavirus exposure history.